Vital Sign Monitor – NSL CMS 5100 Contec (China)

生命体征监测(通常缩短vitals) are a group of the 4 to 6 most importantsignsthat indicate the status of the body’svital(life-sustaining) functions. These measurements are taken to help assess the general physical health of a person, give clues to possible diseases, and show progress toward recovery.^[1][2]The normal ranges for a person’s vital signs vary with age, weight, gender, and overallhealth。^[3]

There are four primary vital signs:body temperature,blood pressure,pulse(heart rate), and breathing rate (respiratory rate), often notated as BT, BP, HR, and RR. However, depending on the clinical setting, the vital signs may include other measurements called the “fifth vital sign” or “sixth vital sign”. Vital signs are recorded using theLOINCinternationally accepted standard coding system.^[4][5]

Early warning scoreshave been proposed that combine the individual values of vital signs into a single score. This was done in recognition that deteriorating vital signs often precedecardiac arrestand/or admission to theintensive care unit。Used appropriately, arapid response teamcan assess and treat a deteriorating patient and prevent adverse outcomes.

The blood pressure is recorded as two readings: a highsystolicpressure, which occurs during the maximal contraction of the heart, and the lowerdiastolicor resting pressure. A normal blood pressure would be 120 being the systolic over 80, the diastolic. Usually the blood pressure is read from the left arm unless there is some damage to the arm. The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure is called thepulse pressure。The measurement of these pressures is now usually done with ananeroidor electronicsphygmomanometer。The classic measurement device is amercurysphygmomanometer, using a column of mercury measured off inmillimeters。在美国和英国,常见的形式millimeters of mercury, whilst elsewhereSIunits of pressure are used. There is no natural ‘normal’ value for blood pressure, but rather a range of values that on increasing are associated with increased risks. The guideline acceptable reading also takes into account other co-factors for disease. Therefore, elevated blood pressure (hypertension) is variously defined when the systolic number is persistently over 140–160 mmHg. Low blood pressure ishypotension。Blood pressures are also taken at other portions of the extremities. These pressures are calledsegmental blood pressuresand are used to evaluate blockage orarterial occlusionin alimb(seeAnkle brachial pressure index).