Apressure O2 Regulator是控制valvethat reduces the input pressure of a fluid to a desired value at its output. Regulators are used for gases and liquids, and can be an integral device with an output pressure setting, a restrictor and a sensor all in the one body, or consist of a separate pressure sensor, controller and flow valve.
压力调节器的主要功能是将气体通过调节器的流动与放在其上面的气体的需求相匹配，同时保持恒定的输出压力。
If the load flow decreases, then the regulator flow must decrease as well. If the load flow increases, then the regulator flow must increase in order to keep the controlled pressure from decreasing due to a shortage of gas in the pressure system.
A pressure regulator includes arestricting element, a加载元素，a测量元素:
- The restricting element is a valve that can provide a variable restriction to the flow, such as aglobe valve,butterfly valve,poppet valve, etc.
- The loading element is a part that can apply the needed force to the restricting element. This loading can be provided by a weight, a spring, a piston actuator, or the膜片执行器与弹簧结合使用。
- The measuring element functions to determine when the inlet flow is equal to the outlet flow. The diaphragm itself is often used as a measuring element; it can serve as a combined element.
在所示的单阶段调节器中，在隔膜上使用力平衡来控制Poppet阀以调节压力。在没有进气压的情况下，隔膜上方的弹簧将其向下推到Poppet阀，使其保持打开状态。一旦引入了入口压力，开放的POPPET允许流向隔膜并在上腔室中的压力增加，直到将隔膜向上推到弹簧上，从而导致Poppet减少流动，最终停止进一步增加压力。通过调节顶部螺钉，可以增加隔膜上的向下压力，需要在上腔室内更大的压力以保持平衡。这样，控制调节器的出口压力。
High pressure gas from the supply enters into the regulator through the inlet valve. The gas then enters the body of the regulator, which is controlled by the needle valve. The pressure rises, which pushes the diaphragm, closing the inlet valve to which it is attached, and preventing any more gas from entering the regulator.
The outlet side is fitted with a pressure gauge. As gas is drawn from the outlet side, the pressure inside the regulator body falls. The diaphragm is pushed back by the spring and the valve opens, letting more gas in from the supply until equilibrium is reached between the outlet pressure and the spring. The outlet pressure therefore depends on the spring force, which can be adjusted by means of an adjustment handle or knob.
The outlet pressure and the inlet pressure hold the diaphragm/poppet assembly in the closed position against the force of the large spring. If the supply pressure falls, it is as if the large spring compression is increased allowing more gas and higher pressure to build in the outlet chamber until an equilibrium pressure is reached. Thus, if the supply pressure falls, the outlet pressure will increase, provided the outlet pressure remains below the falling supply pressure.
This is the cause of end-of-tank dump where the supply is provided by a pressurized gas tank. With a single stage regulator, when the supply tank gets low, the lower inlet pressure causes the outlet pressure to climb. If the spring compression is not adjusted to compensate, the poppet can remain open and allow the tank to rapidly dump its remaining contents. In other words, the lower the supply pressure, the lower the pressure differential the regulator can achieve for a given spring setting.
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