Digital B.P Apparatus is most commonly measured via a血压计, which historically used the height of a column of mercury to reflect the circulating pressure.[1]Blood pressure values are generally reported inmillimetres of mercury(mmHg), though aneroid and electronic devices do not contain汞.
For each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between systolic and diastolic pressures. Systolic pressure is peak pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the end of thecardiac cyclewhen theventricles是签约。舒张压是动脉中的最小压力,当心室充满血液时,在心脏周期开始附近发生。休息,健康成人人的正常测量值的一个例子是120 mmHgsystolicand 80 mmHgdiastolic(written as 120/80 mmHg, and spoken as “one-twenty over eighty”).
收缩和舒张动脉血压不是静态,而是从一个心跳到另一天的自然变化(在一个circadian韵律)。他们也改变了回应压力, nutritional factors,毒品,疾病,运动,和momentarily from standing up. Sometimes the variations are large.Hypertension指的是动脉压异常高,而不是hypotension, when it is abnormally low. Along withbody temperature,respiratory rate, 和pulse rate, blood pressure is one of the four main vital signs routinely monitored by medical professionals and healthcare providers.[2]
测量压力invasively,通过穿透动脉壁进行测量,不太常见并且通常仅限于医院环境。
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